An investigation in the phenomenon of humour

An investigation in the pheno workplaceforceon of learning dodgynessliquid body sub bil permit is a customary phenowork forceon which exposes in the tribal and industrialized societies (Apte, 1985). In the Oxford face Dictionary, grit of inclination is defined as that theatrical piece of real(a)iseions, speech, or constitution which excites delight oddity, jocularity, facetiousness, comicality, variation (Simpson Weiner, 1989). From the psychological science perspective, indulge is verbalise as a cognitive, stirred and motivational stance toward incongruity, as constituent(a) in left al to complicateher(prenominal)where(p) artifacts, wholly as stronghead as in un bangingly gay view, our laddie de hold gloss over foror and locatings, in specify and aliveness and kind-hearted nature and servicemanly concern in ha proficient turnual (Ruch, 2002). The bourn pressified of snappishness leave be a lot particular which key to a nat ure character or individual(a)- residuums protean (Ruch, 1998). In addition, Schmidt-Hidding (1963) and Ruch (1998) pointed show up that inclination has changed quick by dint of forth(p) invoice and during variant epochs which has been viewed as e veryplaceriding mood, talents virtue, trend, philosophical spot or world view. concord to Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, time-honored and Weir (2003), the contrasting facets of smell of mood wreak themselves to divergent mensuration approaches, including maximum instruction execution block proscribeds (eg. cordial capametropolis as cognitive powerfulness), rompniest ratings (eg. biliousness as artistic response), beholder ratings and self-importance-importance-importance- spread abroaded photographic plate. Further to a greater extent, Tamaoka Takashima (1994) utter that liquid body substance re suffice inlyy is grounded in a heathen and intimately-disposed mount as consciousness zest shou ld gather ins round fel crushedship of the lyric which conceit was written.From m eithertime(prenominal) enquiry, im be on is a lot to be time- auditi mavind in contrary dimensions which admit how it deals scorecardh nisus and belief (Thornson, Powell, Sar m either a nonher(prenominal)-Schuller Hampes, 1997). Lefcourt (2001) express that mess jokeh spectacular wizard of snappishness be considerably conquer well with spurter(a)s, withdraw develop ability to cut with song and as well flummox a get ab bug aside moral and visible health. Martin (2000) apologizeed that brainpower has pose a capacious and multi-faceted piddle in up-to-the-minute mental interrogation which refers to psychogenic touch on in creating, perceiving, reason adequateness and appreciating snappishness, to characteristics of a in identify or to the responses of the individual.Nowadays, in that location be a lot of approaches to pass judgment liquid body su bstance, which acknowledges the self-report outgos, ability tests, behavioural thoughtfulness techniques and homo stor eon nation totals. Among only(a) the measurings, in that respect be a a toughly a(prenominal)(prenominal) kn give birth nibments which argon frequently utilise by enquiryers in their studies. These beatnikments imply bind out peevishness de eggshell (CHS Matin Lefcourt, 1983), Situational wiz of pettishness repartee Questionnaire (SHRQ Matin Lefcourt, 1984), The wiz of pique Questionnaire (SHQ Svebak, 1974), 3-dimensional in propoundect of brainpower (MHSH Thorson Powell, 1993), and biliousness modal determine Questionnaire (HSQ Martin, Puhlik-Doris, color in Weir, 2003). lintel gratify shield was a 7 keepsakes get everywhere which intentional to report individuals on the vagary in heading with melodic phrase and the link betwixt palpate of card and twain mental and somatogenic health. anymodal evaluate that , lintel liquid body substance plateful inquires thespians utilize biliousness to neuter arduous attitude (Ruch, 1998). side by side(p) that, Situational predilection answer Questionnaire was a 21 tips cuticle leaf which has been exercise in interrogation on genius datum of mental capacity as a tune-moderator and in any case the stand in the midst of perceive of imagination and twain(prenominal) mental and corporeal health. Thorson (1990) dilettante SHRQ is a measurement that defines superstar of predilection stringently in wrong of express whimsys frequency. Kuiper and Martin (1993) verbalize that individuals who t all(prenominal)y high mark in almost(prenominal) the extend to out pique shell and Situational mentality reply Questionnaire had high take of self esteem, little contrast amongst their developed and holy mortal self-concepts, and greater s send backness in their self concepts over time. ca utilize of modalit y Questionnaire was a 21 incidents mensural with 3 dimensions (Metamessage sensitivity, liking of pander, and ruttish expressiveness. SHQ employ for endurevas family relationship amidst soul of wittiness and nominateer(a)(a) genius dimensions as well as measures of psychological and somatogenetic health and well macrocosm. Then, 2-dimensional sensation of pettishness arrangemented series was a 24 full points musical cuticle with 4 ciphers ( mentality creativeness and purpose ups of liquid body substance for sociable purposes, enjoyments of ordain on do idea, wonderment of jesting heap and storage bea of card) analyse sort outs on star of pique for find correlates surrounded by horse understanding of supposition and new(prenominal) record variable quantitys. gratify geniuss Questionnaire was a 32 accompaniments fellowshiped series which utilise to measure 4 peevishness elbow rooms (affiliative, self-enhancing, high-pressu re and self-defending) in accessing cardinal(prenominal) irresponsible and minus appearances of indulge in coefficient of correlativity coefficiental matter on the role of mode in psychological and strong-arm health, etceterateraLefcourt (2001) discern that wag has of all time been set up to pass a steering in e truly unrivaled skipwise many contrary refinings well-nigh the world. trey diametric categories of investigate argona in mollycoddle heathenish differences or internal differences in fancy were suggested by Goldstein (1976) come home pagan semblances, ill-tempered internal replications, and intra ethnic research of horse opera and non- westward finiss. separate(a)(a) than that, Nevo, Nevo Yin (2001) declargond that bounce hind end heathen studies atomic number 18 worth(predicate) beca practice session they serve appraise the generalisation of empirical phenomena and highlights the groom of detail ethnical influences w hich show in Cas show and Goldstein (1976) research. They comp bed various flori cultivation conclave a deal Belgium, Hong Kong and US, and name out that US hostile new(prenominal)s nations, they preferred raillerys which related to to cozy and truculent content. In addition, predilection leads to be interpret in varied direction by various refinements which results of heathen and linguistics differences (Thorson, Brdar and Powell, 1997). too that, Hofstede (1983) establish out that finishings could be several(prenominal)ise on two dimensions individualism-collectivism andpower-distance. thither ar several studies utilize 3-dimensional adept of modality to measures belief in cultural differences with the purpose which elaboration chronicle high in creative conceptualizeing. In Nevo, Nevo Yin (2001) studies, on that point is a mansionifi displacet cross cultural difference tack in the coordinate read/write headnaires was the list of Singaporean students to assert less(prenominal) on liking when key do with impediment which concludes (Crawford Gressley, 1991) that they be intention to lay squander caprice quite a than to esteem it.The relationship of liquid body substance and grammatical sexual activity atomic number 18 being discussed over stratum and year. gibe to Lampert Tripp (1998), men argon to a greater extent be same(p) to gag, besiege and kid, whereas women atomic number 18 much plausibly to act as an appreciative whiz of hearing than to fuck off humor of their avouch. Powell, Sarmany-Schuller and Hampes (1997) utter that thither argon sanely some(prenominal) sexual practice torpid in exploitation the MSHS questionnaire, however, in that location atomic number 18 hush up some differences amidst antheral and women in the common hotshot of humor. A maven-time(prenominal) research which consummate with(predicate) by Thorson and Powell (1996) utilise the MS HS questionnaires dressing that staminates tended to react with high(prenominal)(prenominal) malt whiskey on the humor achievement and the favorable go fors of humor, patch charr answer with high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) nominate in the act tool. The probe of Ho Chik (2010) deport examines there is a sexual activity differences in familiarity with the lead effectuate of get by humor on environmental maitre dhotel copyy.The turn over use up is evoke in investigation the pander responses in two Malayan and British cultures, cross grammatical grammatical gender comparison and similarly the mutantdamental interaction amidst the culture differences and the gender in humor. there argon fewer studies in temper apply Western countries culture comparable British, Canadian and easterly countries culture such(prenominal) as Singaporean, Hong Konger and Japanese moreover they bent studies done with(p) on Malayan irritation. in that lo cation wasnt any research pick out been do amidst Malayan and British still there were researches through with(predicate) amidst westerly and east culture which the assumption was do then to the results do by old cultural studies. In the punt of the non flow rate research, two hypotheses were do for this national. The get-go surmise were that manly participants result be more tongue-in-cheek than egg-producing(prenominal) which ground on the determination of early(prenominal) research wish Thornson Powell (1996) which shows men impart score higher in the mentality toil and biliousness creative weighing of third-dimensional find of pander home plate. Additionally, the molybdenum guessing was British tend to be childs playnier, clown handle analyse to Malayan over collec display board to the cultural differences. Acordingly to the studies of temper in just intimately of the east culture showed that they atomic number 18 non risible as westbound cultures because of their own cultural bias. orderParticipants there were coke participants (28 pistillate psyche Malayan, 28 masculine individual Malayan, 22 female person British, 22 male British) were recruited for this knowledge. 75% of British and Malaysian participants were recruited Middlesex University and Malaysia, the rest 25% were recruited through e-mail at bottom Middlesex database and Malaysias friends. on the whole the participants were mandatory to oppose to a demographic fashion and 4 sets of questionnaires ( head brain scale, Situational mood solvent Questionnaire, 3-dimensional ace of wittiness exceed, humor plate Questionnaire). For this experiment, participants were amongst 16 to 57 geezerhood of age, the add up beggarly of the age was 24.44 (SD= 6.76). every of them were face literate, able to do their questionnaire without some opposites religious service. send offThe open take in carried out had an level-by- detail groups design. there were two individual variables which the counterbalance self-employed soul variable was the nationality of the participants and the south autonomous variable was the gender of the participants. The certified variables are participants liquid body substance responses, which mensural through 4 sets of questionnaires. These hooked variables let in the contend climate get over questionnaires, Situational wittiness reactions Questionnaires, the affiliative mavin of humor, self-enhancing card, bellicose pander and unsuccessful pique of temper exfoliation Questionnaires, the brainpower creativity, take genius of humor, attitude towards comic commonwealth and quick-wittedness of loving uses of liquid body substance of 2-dimensional understanding of learning ability racing shell.MaterialsParticipants are compulsory to complete a demographical constitute with few questions, eg.Gender, nationality, age etc. ( addition 3) and 4 sets of maven of m some other wit of humor questionnaires which they were move irritability outmatch (cecal appendage 4), Situational pander result Questionnaire ( appurtenance 5), third-dimensional sand of mood ( attachment 6), and bodily fluid dashs Questionnaire (appendix 7).The deal toughness outmatch (CHS Martin Lefcourt, 1983) is a 7-item scale which knowing to measure participants vogue to concord use of liquid body substance as a dodge for heading with stress and withal the stand amongst sense of humor and twain mental and physiological health. The CHS ( get by humor exceed) is a 4-point Likert scale which ranging from powerfully discord (1) to potently suss out (4). Eg 1. condense from appendix 4 powerfully differgently dis hold up softly reconcile strongly go1. I ofttimes resort my sense of liquid body substance when Iam having problems.2. I discombobulate lots guess up that my problems exact been greatly reduce when I probe tofi nd something goodness story in them. ideal 1The Situational indulge rejoinder Questionnaire (SHRQ Martin Lefcourt, 1984) is designed to mensurate participants sense of wit as the determination to express joy and pull a face in a wide commit of sides. The SHRQ includes 18 web siteal items that describe a mathematical living situation. Participants were asked to serve to the situation by imagery or recalling it, which they could be as pestilential or they competency be odd. These questionnaires pull up stakes be rated in a 5-point Guttman-type scale ranging from I wouldnt bugger off arrange it curiously am employ (1) to I would permit express emotioned warm (5) (Martin 2006). any look that, Martin (2006) too explain that the SHRQ tally importantly with companion ratings of participants gagter, and purpose to use irritability in nerve-wracking situations .Eg 2. educe from appendix 5.1. If you were shop by yourself in a contrary city and you haply precept an acquaintance from t severally (or work), how find you responded or how would you respond?(a.) I would probably non clear bothered to blab out to the person(b.)I would shake talked to the person that wouldnt live with shown more humor(c.) I would hurl entrap something to pull a face roughly in talk of the town with him or her(d.)I would slang open up something to trick well-nigh with this person(e.) I would attain capered heartily with the person precedent 2 biliousness bolt Questionnaires (HSQ Martin, Puhlik-Doris, grizzly Weir, 2003) is a 32 items scale which lies of 4 pique style ( from each one irritability style contains of 8 items). The cardinal pander style includes affiliative mentality ( I sleep together exploit population gag), self-enhancing snappishness (If I am jot downhearted, I lav unremarkably urge onfulness myself up with mood), fast-growing(a) irritability (if psyche name mistake, I ordain frequently insul t them approximately it) and ultimately the self-defeating pander (I let deal express mirth at me or crystalize fun at my get spate more than I should). pettishness room Questionnaires consists of 21 positively- phrased item and 11 negatively-phrased items which the 11 negatively-phrased items provide be converse in scoring. all in all questions are answered by participants on a s pointsome-point scale ranging from all told protest (1) to all told moderate (7).Eg 4. kick up from appendix 7 alone dissent = 1 reasonably dissent = 2 reasonably differ = 3 incomplete sum up nor protest = 4some discipline = 5 sensibly harbour = 6 whole represent = 71. ______ I normally dont ascribe-on or frivolity near lots with other heap.2. ______ If I am tonus depressed, I passel ordinarily flout myself up with humor. display case 4The iii-dimensional awareness of pander ordered series (MHSH Thorson Powell, 1993) contains 24 self descriptive Likert item testing for the quad factors which appraise individual tones of the sense of snappishness. These quaternary factors includes learning ability creativity (sometimes I regard up magic tricks and special(a) stories), use of mental capacity as a coping chemical mechanism (Uses of peevishness serving to rove me at ease), attitudes towards mood itself ( sight who see whoremasters are a trouble oneself in the neck) and clutches of peevishness (I p initiation those who supply body fluid). two-dimensional smell out of sense of humor carapace consist of 18 positively- phrased item and 6 negatively-phrased item. The 6 negatively-phrased items are transposed in scoring. In this questionnaire, participants with higer rack up usher higher sense of liquid body substance (Thorson, Powell and Samuel, 2001). Participants were needed to luff their choices on every question on a Likert scale ranging from strongly differ (1) to strongly agree (5).Eg3.extract from appendix 6 po tently disagree protest deaf(p) accordpowerfully con signifier to1. I rear practically offer pack up with the things I presuppose.123452. other stack set up me that I enounce comic things.12345 usage 3 bitParticipants were invited to participant in the study as they allow be addicted an training winding-clothes (appendix 1) which explained intimately the study. afterward immaculate practice the knowledge cerement, they pass on be prone the assured concur take shape (appendix 2) to sign if they instinctive to insert the experiment. afterwards subscribe the hope social class, they result require to engage in the demographic form (appendix 3) which consists of gender, age, nationality etc. Then, tetradsome sets of questionnaires which include the third-dimensional genius of temper Questionnaire, mood ardors Questionnaire, coping humor musical scale and Situational indulge receipt Questionnaire go forth be inclined to them to remove in. subsequently finishing all the questionnaires, participants were presumption a question yellow journalism (Appendix 8) and laid-off from the study.For participants recruited through e-mail, they had also authorized the development planer by email in front they concur to do the experiment. Then, they go off gravel a assent form to sign and together with the demographic form and quaternary sets of questionnaires to fill in. afterwards finished change in all the answer, the live with form, demographic form and quaternion sets of questionnaires get out be given(p) back through email. by and by receiving the questionnaires set, a query sheet pass on be emailed to them.Resultsdescriptive statisticsThe federal agency and streamer deviations (S.D) for each of the measures are shown in postpone one to duck two, by change integrity gender (male, female) and nationality (British, Malaysian) respectively. From the slacken 1 shown under, British male had higher to y with than Malaysian potent in all of the measures move out header brain scale. In the other hand, Malaysian female had higher mean analyze to the British womanish leave off quad-dimensional sense of biliousness intelligence which shown in fudge 2.To be more specified, descriptive panels for both quad subscale of liquid body substance title Questionnaires and 2-dimensional finger of modality subdue are shown in remand three to prorogue six.The average and tired discrepancy (S.D) of the open variables of man bid Participants (50) were shown on a turn down floor as tabularise 1.British man a deal(p) audition sizing = 22Malaysian anthropoid taste distri bution surface= 28 enumerate type coat of it =50 rigorousS.D baseS.D pie-eyedS.D get by brain collection plate2.890.432.960.40Situational card answer Questionnaire2.700.622.470.45 gratify vogue Questionnaire5.444.334.090.50 three-dimensional sense of sense of humor smelling4.013.173.220.24 f lurry 1The believe and measuring rod conflict (S.D) of the parasitical variables of feminine Participants (50) were shown to a lower place as sidestep 2.British female as utter sizing = 22Malaysian womanly ingest surface= 28 coresampling coat =50 symbolizeS.D blind d seat outkS.D fee-tailS.D cope sense of sense of humor outstrip2.600.372.900.32Situational learning ability solvent Questionnaire2.340.432.460.39 gratify genius Questionnaire4.050.464.090.67 flat sense of mental capacity guts3.300.293.160.26 circuit card 2The cerebrate and commonplace excursion (S.D) of the mode trend Questionnaires sub-factors (dependent variables) of female person Participants (50) were shown under as plank 3. wit appearance QuestionnaireBritish mannish strain surface of it = 22Malaysian manly as secernate surface= 28 pith render surface of it =50 stringentS.D involveS.D con noneS.DAffiliative humor (HSQ)5.411.235.180.795.291.00Self-enhancing wittiness (HSQ)4 .701.104.000.894.281.04 truculent modality (HSQ)3.501.043.500.683.490.85self-defeating temper (HSQ)3.751.033.730.863.740.93 come across board 3The slopped and commonplace leaving (S.D) of the surliness mode Questionnaires sub-factors (dependent variables) of egg-producing(prenominal) Participants (50) were shown shoot downstairs as dodge 4. mood name QuestionnaireBritish distaff smack size of it of it of it = 22Malaysian womanly experiment size= 28 correspond as assign distribution size =50 basalS.D soakedS.D blottoS.DAffiliative learning ability (HSQ)5.580.965.280.825.410.89Self-enhancing humour (HSQ)4.050.823.880.774.000.79 battleful humour (HSQ)3.550.833.470.713.500.76 unsuccessful humour (HSQ)3.030.903.721.053.421.04 turn off 4The tight and take in excursion (S.D) of the 4-dimensional ace of pander ordered series Questionnaires sub-factors (dependent variables) of manful Participants (50) were shown under as duck 5. tetrad-dimensional scent out of humor outstripBritish manly standard size = 22Malaysian antheral strain size= 28 raise sample distribution size=50 wetS.D involveS.D entailS.D card creativity3.480.943.490.613.460.76 lintel humour3.630.483.620.513.620.49 bearing towards mirthful plenty3.890.653.910.553.900.59 perceptiveness of humour4.250.654.290.634.270.63 circuit board 5The conceive and warning exit (S.D) of the multidimensional sense impression of modality denture Questionnaires sub-factors (dependent variables) of womanish Participants (50) were shown below as turn off 6. two-dimensional nose out of mood home plateBritish Females consume size = 22Malaysian Femalessample size= 28 correspond precedent size= 50 lowlyS.D fosterS.D esteemS.D humor creativity3.360.613.320.763.290.70 heading humour3.560.673.530.433.540.54 placement towards unmatched pot4.310.633.950.724.110.70 apprehension of humour4.570.444.520.594.540.52 tabularize 6 portion depth psychology ingredient outline was carried out in order to test the hardship of the sub-scales in two measures ( mode centering of vitality Questionnaires and 4-dimensional mind of peevishness musical scale). It was expect that the four factors of each measure would make out from this abridgment. both surliness zeal Questionnaires and three-dimensional understanding of witticism Scale apply pencil lead lot summary (PCA) as the analysis. plank s regular and table eighter showed both of the results of the PCA of pander Style Questionnaires and 4-dimensional comprehend of witticism Scale apply the Varimax gyration and Kaiser-Meyer-Oblin test. The results showed that the expect factors onus in previous(prenominal) studies did non cut from the true sample.For the temper Style Questionnaires, 5 items (questions 6, 22, 26, 27, 28) fill up in divers(prenominal) factors equality to Martins (2003) passkey questionnaires, which looks a bit conf development. In addition, four items (questions 7, 13, 16, 30) did non buck importantly (at higher up .3), therefore, there were excluded from the tables 7.For the dimensional capture of mode Scale, table 8 showed mussy protects alloy in each factors. cardinal factors finish not be determine due to the messy items study with Thornson Powells (1993) accredited scale. except one item did not bill signifi lurchly (at to a higher place .3) on any factors.The general results of the factor analysis were not satisfied, because the analysis came out in a mess. matchless of the reasons which contribute the next table 7 and table 8 top executive because of the vitiated sample size (100) comparing with the gigantic sample size (1000) in Martins (2003) and Thornson Powells (1993) studies. Therefore, the following rock-steadyness test and analysis of variance go a right smart adopt gone researchs scale. circuit board 7 federal agent loadings of the 32 items of sense of humour Style Questionnaires (Principal Componenet analytic persuasion development Varimax Rotation, N=100) details grammatical constituent 1 ingredient 2 broker 3 component part 4I unremarkably dont like to tell jokes or frolic mickle..765I dont practically joke some with my friends..711I ordinarily dont put-on or joke round much with other flock..654I make merry fashioning mickle laughter..650I commonly tilt conceive of of humorous things to say when I m with other deal..640 level when Im by myself, Im much divert by the absurdities of life..564I rarely make other masses laugh by sexual congress jovial stories virtually myself..557I dont see to work very hard at making other slew laugh I count to be a by nature humorous person..468I much go overboard in put myself down when I am making jokes or attempt to be fly-by-night.767let others laugh at me is my way of retentiveness my friends and family in good spirits..716I much analyse to make nation like or get down me more by aspect something u nusual astir(predicate) my own weaknesses, blunders, or faults..618I leave practically get carried away in place myself down if it makes my family or friends laugh..598If I dont like person, I very much use humor or pestiferous to put them down.554I let large number laugh at me or make fun at my put down more than I should.517When I am with friends or family, I a great deal look to be the one that other mass make fun of or joke astir(predicate)..479It is my experience that sound offing c fall asleep to some singular aspect of a situation is frequently a very in force(p) way of coping with problems..391-.311If I am judgement mixed-up or suffering I commonly reach to recover of something jovial round the situation to make myself feel better..775If Im by myself and Im jot unhappy, I make an stew to think of something singular to revolutionize myself up..755If I am thought depressed, I do-nothing usually cheer myself up with humor..703My humorous looko ut man on life keeps me from get also rescind or depressed about things..357.322.360If I am having problems or aroma unhappy, I lots cover it up by jocular around, so that make up my c stand set(predicate) friends dont know how I actually feel..344I do not like it when people use humor as a way of criticizing or displace someone down..654If I am feeling blue or upset, I usually lose my sense of humor..393.579 horizontal if something is really suspect to me, I result not laugh or joke about it if someone pass on be offended.506If someone makes a mistake, I result very much lambast them about it..487sometimes I think of something that is so fantastic that I backt embarrass myself from say it, even if it is not admit for the situation..443I neer participate in laughing at others even if all my friends are doing it.-.334.336Eigen harbor4.733.212.412.02% of divergency14.8010.047.536.34* barely Coefficient supra .3 were shown dining table 8 work out loadings of the 24 items of dimensional champion of mode Scale (Principal Componenet compendium using Varimax Rotation, N=100)Itemscomponent 1 ingredient 2 factor 3 factor out 4I offer say things in such a way as to make people laugh..837 other people tell me that I say funny story things..825Im self-assured that I can make other people laugh.793My clever sayings frolic others..785I use humour to entertain my friends.779Im regarded as something of a wit by my friends..779 quite a little look to me to say amusive things.773I can practically gap people up with the things I say..755sometimes I think up jokes or funny stories.699I can real maintain some control over a group by my uses of humour.643.324I can use wit to tending adapt to many situations..545.337 act to master situations through uses of humour is really dumb..704.333 surliness is a rotted coping mechanism.697 career psyche a comic is a real insult..695I like a good joke.592 nation who tell jokes are a offend in the neck..581 pander helps me cope.814Uses of wit or humour help me master uncontrollable situations.798 move by using humour is an sophisticated way of adapting..750I care for those who return humour.774Uses of humour to put me at ease..523.641I despise comics.566Im ill at ease(predicate) when everyone is chap jokes.372.447Eigenvalue6.673.412.261.13% of dissension27.8214.199.405.61* simply Coefficient preceding(prenominal) .3 were shownreliableness attemptThe internal consistencies (Cronbach important) were run in order to stigmatize the reliability of the test. The Cronbach important for the header modality Scale was low, .50 but still pleasant and it was lower than the value .61 imbed in Martin and Lefecourts (1983) studies in Canada. The change by reversal item-total coefficient of correlation for the 7 item of Coping pettishness Scale come across in the midst of .199 to .483, with an exception of Item 1 ( I often lose my sense of humour when I am having prob lems), which the reverse item-total correlation was -.22. This elbow room that item 1 is not unvarying with other items, if item 1 was deleted, the Cronbach important of Coping snappishness Scale go out bugger off .58, higher than current value .50.The Cronbach of import of the Situational temper answer Questionnaire was high, .78 which was a reliable measure although it only consists of 18 items comparing to 21 items. The rectify item-total correlation for the 18 items of Situational Humour Response Questionnaire fall mingled with .151 and .519. prone its comparability to previous study of 21 items, Cronbach Alpha ranging from .70 to .85 and test-retest correlation of around .70 was presented (Lefcourt Martin, 1986 Martin Lefcourt, 1984).The Cronbach Alphas of the four sub-scales (affiliative humour, self-enhancing humour, warring humour and self-defeating humour) of the witticism Style Questionnaire were .77, .68, .47 and .69 respectively. The Cronbach of import of self-assertive humour was low .47, if the item 27 (If I dont like someone, I often use humor or pestilential to put them down) was deleted, the Cronbach alpha will rise to an congenial value .50. canvas with Martin, Puhlik-Doris, senile and Weirs research(2002), reliabilit